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Unapproved aircraft parts are aircraft parts not approved by civil aviation authorities for installation on type certified aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) defines a "standard part" as a part produced in accordance with government regulations, and it defines an "approved part" as a "standard part" that is in accordance with specific a set of criteria and specifications.〔"(Standard Parts )." Federal Aviation Administration. 1/3. Retrieved on May 26, 2011. "The FAA’s acceptance of a standard part as an approved part is based on the certification that the part has been designed and produced in accordance with an independent established set of specifications and criteria."〕 The FAA standards for approved parts are in FAR 21.305. In the United States parts may be approved through a Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA), with type certification procedures through approval from the agency's approval, through Technical Standard Orders (TSOs), and from conforming to recognized specifications from the aviation industry.〔"(Unapproved Aircraft Parts Investigation )." Joint Depot Maintenance Activities Group of the U.S. Air Force. 4/16. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.〕 The FAA says that a part manufactured without the agency's approval is an "unapproved part." Unapproved parts include counterfeit parts, parts used beyond their time limits, approved parts that were not properly returned to service, stolen parts, parts with fraudulent labels, production overruns that were not sold with the agency's permission, and untraceable parts.〔"(Unapproved Aircraft Parts Investigation )." Joint Depot Maintenance Activities Group of the U.S. Air Force. 3/16. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.〕 ==Types and origins of unapproved parts== The term "counterfeit parts" refers to parts made of materials inferior to the materials used in genuine parts.〔 "Life-limited parts" and "time-expired parts" refer to parts used beyond their lifespan. Some life-limited parts were taken from scrap yards and illegally installed on aircraft.〔 The term "bogus parts" can loosely refer to various categories of unapproved parts.〔 Boeing has stated that mechanical parts, electronic parts and materials have been counterfeited. Physical parts include bolts, fluid bolts, nuts, and rivets. Electronic parts include capacitors and integrated circuits. Materials include composite chemicals and titanium.〔Nevison, Susannah. "(Counterfeit Parts Infiltrate Aerospace Projects )." ''Industry Market Trends''. April 28, 2009. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.〕 Some unapproved parts are production overruns from genuine part manufacturers. Some of these parts may be airworthy, and some may be copies removed from the product line that were not considered airworthy and not intended to be installed on aircraft.〔Bajak, Frank. "BLACK MARKET OF THE SKIES SUBSTANDARD AIRPLANE PARTS POSE RISK" ''Associated Press'' at the ''Columbus Dispatch''. Sunday December 8, 1996. Insight 5B.〕 A part which was legally salvaged would be unapproved if the supporting information does not state the correct, true origins and/or composition of the part.〔 As of 1996, unapproved parts may originate from counterfeiters, part theft organizations, "strip and dip" operations, and from production overrun piles. The "strip and dip" groups hide defects with metal plating.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unapproved aircraft part」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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